Development of the Sambatan Peer Counseling Model to Enhance Positive Self-Concept among Junior High School Students in Madiun City

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical stage for self-concept development, yet many junior high school students experience low positive self-concept, influenced by academic pressure, peer comparison, and social expectations. This study developed and evaluated the Sambatan Peer Counseling Model, a culturally grounded, structured intervention designed to enhance positive self-concept among junior high school students in Madiun City, Indonesia. Using a research and development (R&D) design, the model was developed based on humanistic principles and local cultural values of mutual cooperation. Feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness were assessed through expert validation, small-group trials, limited field testing, and a main operational trial involving 48 students divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected using questionnaires, observations, and interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests. Results show that the model is feasible and practical, with high expert validation and implementation scores. Effectiveness testing revealed significant improvements in positive self-concept in the experimental group, while the control group showed no meaningful change. Qualitative observations further indicated increased participation, self-confidence, and positive social interaction. These findings suggest that the Sambatan Peer Counseling Model provides a holistic and culturally relevant approach to supporting adolescents’ cognitive, emotional, and social development. The study recommends adopting this model in school counseling programs and conducting further research to explore its broader applications and long-term effects.